Raymond Castro:You could hear screaming outside, a lot of noise from the protesters and it was a good sound. Paul Bosche Mike Wallace (Archival):Two out of three Americans look upon homosexuals with disgust, discomfort or fear. Jimmy knew he shouldn't be interested but, well, he was curious. They had a warrant. It was a 100% profit, I mean they were stealing the liquor, then watering it down, and they charging twice as much as they charged one door away at the 55. There was no going back now, there was no going back, there was no, we had discovered a power that we weren't even aware that we had. by David Carter, Associate Producer and Advisor Glenn Fukushima CBS.LGBTQ Activism: The Henry Gerber House, Chicago, IL. Participants of the 1969 Greenwich Village uprising describe the effect that Stonewall had on their lives. But as visibility increased, the reactions of people increased. Tommy Lanigan-Schmidt:The Stonewall pulled in everyone from every part of gay life. How do you Ensure Mr. Carter also said the documents corroborated information that had been provided to him by Seymour Pine, the police inspector who led the raid on the Stonewall Inn (and later expressed regret about the nature and The first documented U.S. gay rights organization, The Society for Human Rights (SHR), was founded in 1924 by Henry Gerber, a German immigrant. Too bad we didnt get to the Stonewall, though very likely we walked by enroute to elsewhere. The police, a few prisoners and a Village Voice writer barricaded themselves in the bar, which the mob attempted to set on fire after breaching the barricade repeatedly. But we went down to the trucks and there, people would have sex. Jay Fialkov Police raids and harassment were a common occurrence across the U.S. during this time, and amid the growing political activism of the 1960s,LGBTQ+ people began to mobilize and fight back. Tommy Lanigan-Schmidt:We would scatter, ka-poom, every which way. Martin Boyce:I wasn't labeled gay, just "different." Stonewall All Rights Reserved. Doric Wilson:And I looked back and there were about 2,000 people behind us, and that's when I knew it had happened. The event sparked the formation of scores of gay rights organizations, including the Human Rights Campaign, OutRage! So gay people were being strangled, shot, thrown in the river, blackmailed, fired from jobs. morning and a round-up in Monday's print edition. Danny Garvin:Everybody would just freeze or clam up. . The records concern the start of the Stonewall uprising in the early morning of June 28, 1969. I would get in the back of the car and they would say, "We're going to go see faggots." People that were involved in it like me referred to it as "The First Run." And some people came out, being very dramatic, throwing their arms up in a V, you know, the victory sign. Documents. But it was a refuge, it was a temporary refuge from the street. Most importantly, this anthology shines a light on forgotten figures who were pivotal in the movement, such as Lee Brewster, head of the Queens Liberation Front and Ernestine Eckstine, one of the few out, African American, lesbian activists in the 1960s. The day is now celebrated globally to honor the brave individuals who stood up to the system and protested for equality in 1969. June is internationally recognized as Pride Month, and this years celebrations mark the 50 th anniversary of the Stonewall Riotsthe catalyst for the modern LGBTQ+ civil rights movement.. We had no speakers planned for the rally in Central Park, where we had hoped to get to. He was not present at the riot. WGBH Educational Foundation So if any one of you, have let yourself become involved with an adult homosexual, or with another boy, and you're doing this on a regular basis, you better stop quick. most fun and fascinating nights of my life. Primary Sources for Pride: Celebrating Stonewall & Christopher Many of those bars were, however, subject to regular police harassment. Fred Sargeant:We knew that they were serving drinks out of vats and buckets of water and believed that there had been some disease that had been passed. It was terrifying. The police report documenting the assault on the automobile is part of a small set of documents nine pages in total posted online last week at OutHistory.org, Alfredo del Rio, Archival Still and Motion Images Courtesy of In 2016, then-President Barack Obama designated the site of the riotsStonewall Inn, Christopher Park, and the surrounding streets and sidewalksa national monument in recognition of the areas contribution to gay rights. Jerry Hoose:The open gay people that hung out on the streets were basically the have-nothing-to-lose types, which I was. Since 1976, Metropolitan Diary has been a place for New Yorkers, past and present, to share odd fleeting moments in the city. Fred Sargeant:Three articles of clothing had to be of your gender or you would be in violation of that law. NPS.gov. Martin Boyce:There were these two black, like, banjee guys, and they were saying, "What's goin' on man?" Documents and Transcripts Listed by Time of Occurrence, from Earliest to Latest Document 1. Then during lunch, Ralph showed him some pornographic pictures. Dick Leitsch:Well, gay bars were the social centers of gay life. A History of Gay Rights in America. Stonewall Rebellion - HIS 100 - Perspectives in History - Research And as awful as people might think that sounds, it's the way history has always worked. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. A Q-Ball Productions film for AMERICAN EXPERIENCE an independent scholar and director of OutHistory.org, with help from David Carter, the author of Stonewall: The Riots That Sparked the Gay Revolution Ed Koch, Councilman, New York City:Yes, entrapment did exist, particularly in the subway system, in the bathrooms. It provides references for primary documents related to the materials reprinted inThe Stonewall Riots; most of the sources come from newspapers, magazines, and newsletters. All kinds of designers, boxers, big museum people. WebStonewall Riot praxis one paper pcs 215 03 praxis the stonewall riots in 1969, people responded to violence from officers at police raid at the stonewall inn in Skip to document Ask an Expert Sign inRegister Sign inRegister Home Ask an ExpertNew My Library Discovery Institutions Southern New Hampshire University Harvard University My father said, "About time you fags rioted.". Slate:Perversion for Profit(1965), Citizens for Decency Through Law. Article by a village voice reporter who was at Stonewall. They were obtained last month by Jonathan Ned Katz, I mean they were making some headway. The Web site OutHistory.org has obtained police records from the start of the Stonewall The Stonewall Inn site was declared A couple of weeks before, friends in John O'Brien:We had no idea we were gonna finish the march. When we got dressed for that night, we had cocktails and we put the makeup on. Clever. 'Cause I really realized that I was being trained as a straight person, so I could really fool these people. The fire department and a riot squad were eventually able to douse the flames, rescue those inside Stonewall, and disperse the crowd. But everybody knew it wasn't normal stuff and everyone was on edge and that was the worst part of it because you knew they were on edge and you knew that the first shot that was fired meant all the shots would be fired. And, you know,The Village Voiceat that point started using the word "gay.". Frank Kameny People could take shots at us. Barak Goodman Pennebaker courtesy of Pennebaker Hegedus Films Police violence and bar raids did not end after Stonewall. William Eskridge, Professor of Law:The federal government would fire you, school boards would fire you. Gay bars were always on side streets out of the way in neighborhoods that nobody would go into. It was the only time I was in a gladiatorial sport that I stood up in. Producers Library It was an age of experimentation. Somehow being gay was the most terrible thing you could possibly be. Seymour Pine, Deputy Inspector, Morals Division, NYPD:There were no instructions except: put them out of business. Don't fire until I fire. Some of the pre-Stonewall uprisingsincluded: There have been many incidents in which police interaction with LGBTQ+ communities has resulted in violence, and in response, protest. However, the New York State Liquor Authority penalized and shut down establishments that served alcohol to known or suspected LGBT individuals, arguing that the mere gathering of homosexuals was disorderly.. Occurring as it did in the context of the civil rights and feminist movements, the Stonewall riots became a galvanizing force. That night, the police ran from us, the lowliest of the low. Virginia Apuzzo: I grew up with that. An article in the Rat, Subterranean News entitled "Queen Power" chronicling the night of the Stonewall Uprising and the centrality of drag queens, trans, and gender non-conforming participants. The cops would hide behind the walls of the urinals. Jerry Hoose:I remember I was in a paddy wagon one time on the way to jail, we were all locked up together on a chain in the paddy wagon and the paddy wagon stopped for a red light or something and one of the queens said "Oh, this is my stop." But I gave it up about, oh I forget, some years ago, over four years ago. And there was like this tension in the air and it just like built and built. New York Today is still going strong! Nice to remember that fighting the police is sometimes a necessary part of the struggle for liberation. Danny Garvin:It was the perfect time to be in the Village. There are a lot of kids here. And they were having a meeting at town hall and there were 400 guys who showed up, and I think a couple of women, talking about these riots, 'cause everybody was really energized and upset and angry about it. June 28, 1969 marks the beginning of the Stonewall Uprising, a series of events between police and LGBTQ+ protesters which stretched over six days. Homosexuality was a dishonorable discharge in those days, and you couldn't get a job afterwards. Martin Boyce:In the early 60s, if you would go near Port Authority, there were tons of people coming in. Greg Shea, Legal Stonewall soon became a symbol of resistance to social and political discrimination that would inspire solidarity among homosexual groups for decades. Slate:Boys Beware(1961) Public Service Announcement. Martin Boyce:We were like a Hydra. The mayor of New York City, the police commissioner, were under pressure to clean up the streets of any kind of quote unquote "weirdness." Richard Enman (Archival):Well, let me say, first of all, what type of laws we are not after, because there has been much to-do that the Society was in favor of the legalization of marriage between homosexuals, and the adoption of children, and such as that, and that is not at all factual at all. His movements are not characteristic of a real boy. There was at least one gay bar that was run just as a hustler bar for straight gay married men. Since the Stonewall was without a license, the place was being closed. The raid sparked a riot among bar patrons and neighborhood residents as police roughly hauled employees and patrons out of the bar, leading to six days of Document The mirrors, all the bottles of liquor, the jukebox, the cigarette machines. In 2019, shortly before the 50th anniversary of the riots, New York Citys police commissioner, James P. ONeill, issued an apology on behalf of the police department saying, The actions taken by the N.Y.P.D. Eric Marcus, Writer:Before Stonewall, there was no such thing as coming out or being out. WebThe Stonewall Inn is a gay bar in New York City. Not even us. Accustomed to more passive behaviour, even from larger gay groups, the policemen called for reinforcements and barricaded themselves inside the bar while some 400 people rioted. Getty Images And the first gay power demonstration to my knowledge was against my story inThe Village Voiceon Wednesday. And that crowd between Howard Johnson's and Mama's Chik-n-Rib was like the basic crowd of the gay community at that time in the Village. E.R.C.H.O. In the trucks or around the trucks. Atascadero was known in gay circles as the Dachau for queers, and appropriately so. We could easily be hunted, that was a game. Hunted, hunted, sometimes we were hunted. But we couldn't hold out very long. Stonewall Riots Michael Dolan, Technical Advisors Popular. WebBusiness Core Capstone: An Integrated Application (D083) Documents Popular BANA 2082 - Chapter 1.1 Final Paper - COM 315 Summary Intimate Relationships - chapters 1, 3-6, 8-11, 13, 14 Ch. Stonewall Riots | Stanford History Education Group Dick Leitsch:Very often, they would put the cops in dresses, with makeup and they usually weren't very convincing. happily back in New York City, and I still pray for those who are brave enough to continue the quest for Equality. Thank you, New York Times for bringing this ongoing struggle by so many I mean I'm talking like sardines. Looking through the Lilli Vincenz and Frank Kameny Papers in the Manuscript Reading Room, researchers can find planning documents, correspondence, flyers, ephemera and more from the very first Pride marches in 1970. For the fiftieth anniversary of the Stonewall uprising, an anthology chronicling the tumultuous fight for LGBTQ rights in the 1960s and the activists who spearheaded it June 28, 2019 marks the fiftieth anniversary of the Stonewall uprising - the most significant event in the gay liberation movement and the catalyst for the modern fight for LGBTQ rights in the United States. We could lose our memory from the beating, we could be in wheelchairs like some were. . This is every year in New York City. Jerry Hoose:I was chased down the street with billy clubs. The Stonewall Riots served as a catalyst for the gay rights movement in the United States and around the world. Saying I don't want to be this way, this is not the life I want. I have to wonder about the veracity of the name Vince DePaul doesnt it sound like a comical twist on the famous Society of St. Vincent de Paul of thrift-shop fame? Black Night Brawl, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, August 5, 1961. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. WebSTANFORD HISTORY EDUCATION GROUP sheg.stanford.edu Document B: Sylvia Rivera (Excerpt) Born and raised in New York City, Sylvia Rivera participated in the Stonewall Historians have noted that the shift in activism, if Stonewall truly represented one at all, was a shift primarily for white cisgender people, as people of color and gender non-conforming people never truly had the benefit of concealing their marginalized identities. Howard Smith, Reporter,The Village Voice:It really should have been called Stonewall uprising. Fred Sargeant:The effect of the Stonewall riot was to change the direction of the gay movement. John O'Brien Alan Lechner Getting then in the car, rocking them back and forth. Lucian Truscott, IV, Reporter,The Village Voice:Saturday night there it was. John van Hoesen But engaging in gay behavior in public (holding hands, kissing or dancing with someone of the same sex) was still illegal, so police harassment of gay bars continued and many bars still operated without liquor licensesin part because they were owned by the Mafia. ( New York : New York University Press , 2019 . I was back living in my hometown of Bangor, Maine when I heard the news on the local radio station of the riot at the Stonewall Inn in Greenwich Village. Stonewall and Marsha Johnson Documents With riveting narrative skill, he recreates those revolutionary, sweltering nights in vivid detail through the lives of six people who were drawn into the struggle for LGBTQ rights. Lucian Truscott, IV, Reporter,The Village Voice:They started busting cans of tear gas. John O'Brien:There was one street called Christopher Street, where actually I could sit and talk to other gay people beyond just having sex. Queer was very big. There's a little door that slides open with this power-hungry nut behind that, you see this much of your eyes, and he sees that much of your face, and then he decides whether you're going to get in. It was the law. WebJamie Tucker March 20, 2022 HIS 200 3-2 Writing Plan Progress Check 3 Topic of Interest: For my historical event I have chosen The Stonewall Riots. % Dan Bodner New York City Police Department/OutHistory.org. Suzanne Poli ISBN: 0143133519 Stonewall : the riots that sparked the gay revolution by David Carter Call Number: Boca Raton General Collection HQ76 .C315 2004 ISBN: So anything that would set us off, we would go into action. A, B, C, & D) Another cause of the Stonewall Riots was the fact that being gay was illegal. Historic Films That was our world, that block. Once it started, once that genie was out of the bottle, it was never going to go back in. HISTORY reviews and updates its content regularly to ensure it is complete and accurate. It was large and relatively cheap to enter. Jerry Hoose:The bar itself was a toilet. It is important to note that in addition to arresting LGBTQ+ people, first-hand accounts reveal the violence that police enacted on those they had arrested. What do you do in Documenting the Stonewall Riots that you didnt do in your book? They'd think I'm a cop even though I had a big Jew-fro haircut and a big handlebar mustache at the time. At the E.R.C.H.O Conference in November 1969, the 13 homophile organizations in attendance voted to pass a resolution to organize a National annual demonstration, to be called Christopher Street Liberation Day. Doric Wilson:When I was very young, one of the terms for gay people was twilight people, meaning that we never came out until twilight, 'til it got dark. And they were gay. Howard Smith, Reporter,The Village Voice:It was getting worse and worse. They could be judges, lawyers. Tires were slashed on police cars and it just went on all night long. the six-day series of disturbances that began as a protest by gays against police harassment and became a defining moment in the gay-rights movement. In the Life 4 0 obj When The Commission on Human Rights ruled that gay individuals had the right to be served in bars, police raids were temporarily reduced. And I just didn't understand that. It's the first time I'm fully inside the Stonewall. When police raided the Stonewall Inn, a popular gay bar in the Greenwich Village section of New York City on June 28, 1969, the street erupted into violent protests that lasted for the next six days. "The Stonewall Riotsis an invaluable addition to LGBTQ+ history, gathering for the first time a wealth of primary documents that will deepen understanding of a pivotal, culture-changing event." Martin Boyce:And I remember moving into the open space and grabbing onto two of my friends and we started singing and doing a kick line. The "Stonewall Era" corresponds with the opening of the Stonewallin January 1966 until it closed in December 1969. And the police escalated their crackdown on bars because of the reelection campaign. Martin Boyce:That was our only block. And there, we weren't allowed to be alone, the police would raid us still. People standing on cars, standing on garbage cans, screaming, yelling. PBS - American Experience - Who was at Stonewall? (St. Martins Press, 2004). Stonewall riots, also called Stonewall uprising, series of violent confrontations that began in the early hours of June 28, 1969, between police and gay rights activists outside the Stonewall Inn, a gay bar in the Greenwich Village section of New York City. Narrator (Archival):This is one of the county's principal weekend gathering places for homosexuals, both male and female. Daniel Pine He is not interested in, nor capable of a lasting relationship like that of a heterosexual marriage. Lucian Truscott, IV, Reporter,The Village Voice:And then the next night. Tommy Lanigan-Schmidt:Those of us that were the street kids we didn't think much about the past or the future. It sparked protests, political organization for gays, and gay pride parades. I made friends that first day. WebOn June 28, 1969, the Stonewall Inn, a gay bar in New York's Greenwich Village, was raided by police. Watch documentary footage of the first Pride march held in New York City on June 28, 1970, Gay and Proud, a documentary by activist Lilli Vincenz: The S.V.A. I could never let that happen and never did. Thats why all our lessons and assessments are free. I just thought you had to get through this, and I thought I could get through it, but you really had to be smart about it. an unknown object. Mr. Van Ronk eventually pleaded guilty to harassment, a violation. And we had no right to such. Alexis Charizopolis The cops were barricaded inside. Mike Nuget Nonetheless, Stonewall Inn quickly became an important Greenwich Village institution. Tommy Lanigan-Schmidt When police raided Stonewall Inn on the morning of June 28, it came as a surprisethe bar wasnt tipped off this time. You can find the latest New York Today And the Stonewall was part of that system. We had been threatened bomb threats. David Carter Howard Smith, Reporter,The Village Voice:And by the time the police would come back towards Stonewall, that crowd had gone all the around Washington Place come all the way back around and were back pushing in on them from the other direction and the police would wonder, "These are the same people or different people?". You throw into that, that the Stonewall was raided the previous Tuesday night. Was he present at the A set of police records gathered by OutHistory.org, a Web site run by the Center for Lesbian and Gay Studies at the City Just let's see if they can. on, causing damage to the roof, hood and rear engine cover. This set uses primary sources to explore the events preceding and surrounding the Stonewall Inn uprising as well as the aftermath of the riots in the gay liberation movement of the 1970s and 1980s. Stonewall If there had been a riot of that proportion in Harlem, my God, you know, there'd have been cameras everywhere. John O'Brien:Heterosexuals, legally, had lots of sexual outlets. Greenwich Village's Stonewall Inn has undergone several transformations in the decades since it was the focal point of a three-day riot in 1969. At one point, an officer hit a lesbian over the head as he forced her into the police van she shouted to onlookers to act, inciting the crowd to begin throw pennies, bottles, cobble stones and other objects at the police. at nytoday.com or in the morning, on The New York Times homepage or its New York section. It was a leaflet that attacked the relationship of the police and the Mafia and the bars that we needed to see ended. Susan Liberti Seymour Pine, Deputy Inspector, Morals Division, NYPD:If someone was dressed as a woman, you had to have a female police officer go in with her. (Indeed, photographs taken by The New York Times from the final night of the riots, Seymour Pine, Deputy Inspector, Morals Division, NYPD:And they were, they were kids. WebView Valiyah Johnson - Stonewall Riot Questions.pdf from ACCT 40 at Georgia Virtual School. WebJune 28, 1969, Greenwich Village: The New York City Police Department, fueled by bigoted liquor licensing practices and an omnipresent backdrop of homophobia and transphobia, raided the Stonewall Inn, a neighborhood gay bar, in the middle of the night. a National Historic Landmark in 2000. Leroy S. Mobley WebThe United States has had its share of violent or destructive protests, starting during colonial times and continuing through the 1900s (e.g., Boston Tea Party in 1773; New York City draft riots in 1863, Haymarket riot in Chicago in 1886, Chicago Race Riot in 1919, Tulsa Race Massacre 1921, Zoot Suite riot in 1943, riots in Newark and Detroit in For instance, solicitation of same-sex relations was illegal in New York City. Stonewall riots | Definition, Significance, & Facts | Britannica I mean does anyone know what that is? and I didn't see anything but a forest of hands. Stonewall Riots And the people coming out weren't going along with it so easily. There were occasions where you did see people get night-sticked, or disappear into a group of police and, you know, everybody knew that was not going to have a good end. There are multiple options for finding the documentary sources listed in the bibliographies. Louis Mandelbaum COMM 2081 - Chapter 8; Calling 'em names, telling 'em how good-looking they were, grabbing their butts. And, it was, I knew I would go through hell, I would go through fire for that experience. Lauren Noyes. It's like, this is not right. Colonial House Dana Gaiser The Stonewall was also not the only bar in town being frequently raided. Raymond Castro:So then I got pushed back in, into the Stonewall by these plain clothes cops and they would not let me out, they didn't let anybody out. So it was a perfect storm for the police. John O'Brien:The election was in November of 1969 and this was the summer of 1969, this was June. However, in the 51 years since, not everyone has benefited equally. You know, it's just, everybody was there. John O'Brien:They went for the head wounds, it wasn't just the back wounds and the leg wounds. John O'Brien:In the Civil Rights Movement, we ran from the police, in the peace movement, we ran from the police. And, I did not like parading around while all of these vacationers were standing there eating ice cream and looking at us like we were critters in a zoo. Based on hundreds of interviews, an exhaustive search of public and previously sealed files and over a decade of intensive research, Stonewall tells the definitive story of this singular event in history. Like most gay bars in New York, it was owned by the Mafia, an organized crime group. On June 28, 1970, two thousand gay and lesbian activists in New York, Los Angeles, and Chicago paraded down the streets of their cities in a new kind of social protest, one marked by celebration, fun, and unashamed declaration of a stigmatized identity. That's more an uprising than a riot. Articles with the HISTORY.com Editors byline have been written or edited by the HISTORY.com editors, including Amanda Onion, Missy Sullivan and Matt Mullen. Sophie Cabott Black Fred Sargeant:Things started off small, but there was an energy that began to flow through the crowd. Martha Shelley:We participated in demonstrations in Philadelphia at Independence Hall. Because he was homosexual. Daily News New York papers tend to call it the Stonewall uprising, not the Stonewall riot, because it played out as six days of skirmishes between young gay, lesbian, and Stonewall Riot Danny Garvin:With Waverly Street coming in there, West Fourth coming in there, Seventh Avenue coming in there, Christopher Street coming in there, there was no way to contain us. Your choice, you can come in with us or you can stay out here with the crowd and report your stuff from out here. William Eskridge, Professor of Law: The 1960s were dark ages for lesbians and gay men all over America. Geordie, Liam and Theo Gude More info at //www.nypl.org/calendar. Giles Kotcher I was proud. They call them hotels, motels, lovers' lanes, drive-in movie theaters, etc. And so we had to create these spaces, mostly in the trucks. Except for the few mob-owned bars that allowed some socializing, it was basically for verboten. o A protest may turn into a riot when it involves the destruction of property, the use of weapons, or when it results in people becoming injured. And they were lucky that door was closed, they were very lucky.
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