He taught geography, which was his favorite subject. A clergyman, he gave public lectures and became the first professor of modern geography at the University of Oxford. Some time before 1580 he took holy orders, and, though he never shirked his religious duties, he spent considerable time reading whatever accounts he could find about contemporary voyages and discoveries. While at one point he petitioned for and received a grant to travel to America he did not, in the . In 1588 Hakluyt finally returned to England with Douglas Sheffield, Baroness Sheffield, after a residence in France of nearly five years. That all other English trades are grown beggerly or dangerous, especially in all the king of Spain his Dominions, where our men are driven to fling their Bibles and prayer Books into the sea, and to forswear and renounce their religion and conscience and consequently their obedience to her Majestie. In 1612 Hakluyt became a charter member of the North-west Passage Company. But far from it: in 1584 Hakluyt prepared a 'Discourse on Western . Why European States Wanted to Colonize the World? ), David Armitage (ed.) Frobisher's First Voyage - CBC If you are the copyright owner of this paper and no longer wish to have your work published on IvyPanda. The burial register merely states that Hakluyt was buried "in the Abbey" without giving an exact location, and there is no monument or gravestone: personal e-mail communication on 10 May 2007 with Miss Christine Reynolds, Assistant Keeper of Muniments, Westminster Abbey Library. Hakluyt's great collection has been called "the Prose Epic of the modern English nation" by historian James Anthony Froude. I feel like its a lifeline. [10][19] In the following year, he was elected archdeacon of the Abbey. Means to keep this enterprise from overthrow and the enterprisers from shame and dishonor. In twenty-one chapters, summarized here, Hakluyt emphasized the many benefits that England would receive by creating colonies in the Americas. [17] This work contains an exceedingly-rare copperplate map dedicated to Hakluyt and signed F.G. (supposed to be Francis Gualle); it is the first on which the name "Virginia" appears.[14]. 808 certified writers online. The latter term encompasses paganism, Judaism, and Islam. Among them were Humphrey Gilbert, an explorer and businessman; Gilbert's half-brother, Walter Raleigh (1552-1618); and writer and geographer Richard Hakluyt (1552-1616). Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. That the Queen of England title to all the west Indies, or at the least to as much as is from Florida to the Circle arctic, is more lawful and right then the Spaniards or any other Christian Princes. What special means may bring kinge Phillippe from his high Throne, and make him equal to the Princes his neighbours, wherewithal is showed his weakness in the west Indies. Gerhard Mercator (1512-1594), a Belgian cartographer (mapmaker), created a more accurate map that was especially useful for ocean navigators. This will be made possible because England will easily secure raw materials and control strategic ports. Colonization has been considered as a means through which other nations control and use native people to serve their interests. Hakluyt's Promise: An Elizabethan's Obsession for an English - JSTOR The increase of the force of the Christians. A prominent English attorney and his younger cousin, both named Richard Hakluyt, urged the English government to begin settlements in lands claimed nearly a century earlier by John and Sebastian Cabot who explored North America for King Henry VII of England. But it is the Voyages that remains his memorial. must. 10 Richard Hakluyt, ne third voyage . Between 1583 and 1588 he was chaplain and secretary to Sir Edward Stafford, English ambassador at the French court. While in Oxford, Hakluyt worked with foremost geographers such as Abraham Ortelius and Gerardus Mercator. Grotius' arguments supported England's right to trade in the Indies. Richard Hakluyt, Reasons For Colonization, 1585 - ETTC. Richard Hakluyt, Reasons for Colonization, 1585 The glory of God by planting of religion among those infidels. With the help of various scholarships, Hakluyt was educated at Westminster School and Christ Church, Oxford, entering in 1570 and taking his M.A. That by these Colonies the Northwest passage to Cathay and China may easily quickly and perfectly be searched out as well by river and overland, as by sea, for proof whereof here are quoted and alleged diverse rare Testimonies out of the three volumes of voyages gathered by Ramusius and other grave authors. [28] Others, consisting chiefly of notes gathered from contemporary authors, are preserved at the University of Oxford. It contains thousands of paper examples on a wide variety of topics, all donated by helpful students. Richard Hakluyt: Biography & Significance | Study.com Richard Hakluyt | Biography, Significance, & Facts | Britannica [5] A few copies of this monumental work contain a map of great rarity, the first on the Mercator projection made in England according to the true principles laid down by Edward Wright. That hereby the Revenues and customs of her Majestie both outwards and inwards shall mightely be enlarged by the toll, excises, and other duties which without oppression may be raised. He also published numerous geographical works describing North America and early English exploration of the New World. Hakluyt understood that in order for England to be successful and remain powerful, they would need to find new markets in which to trade goods. Primary Source: Richard Hakluyt Makes the Case for English Colonization His books encouraged those living in England to begin to prepare to settle in North America and found colonies that later become the basis for the future United States. . Though Hakluyt neglected to mention its origin, the . 232 lessons. This was The Principall Navigations, Voiages and Discoveries of the English Nation, which, by its scholarship and comprehensiveness, transcended all geographical literature to date; the first edition, in one volume, appeared in 1589. This will also enable England to suppress her enemies, improve military force, take advantage of prevailing weaknesses in other economies, and optimally exploit resources. April 8, 2021. https://ivypanda.com/essays/english-colonization-of-america-in-hakluyts-view/. The database is updated daily, so anyone can easily find a relevant essay example. Knowing so many languages helped him to read all types of works that recorded the adventures of travelers. Shortly before its completion, he was granted by the queen the next vacant prebend at Westminster so that he might be at hand to advise on colonial affairs. He is known for promoting the English colonization of North America through his works, notably Divers Voyages Touching the Discoverie of America (1582) and The Principal Navigations, Voyages, Traffiques and Discoveries of the English Nation (1589-1600). Richard Hakluyt makes the case for English colonization, 1584 Richard Hakluyt used this document to persuade Queen Elizabeth I to devote more money and energy into encouraging English colonization. Secondly, he was a persistent and able propagator of colonization and, through his numerous works, inspired many early English explorers. [14], Hakluyt died on 23 November 1616, probably in London, and was buried on 26 November in Westminster Abbey;[5][27] by an error in the abbey register his burial is recorded under the year 1626. Richard Hakluyt | Encyclopedia.com on 19 February 1574, and shortly after taking his Master of Arts (M.A.) That the passage in this voyage is easy and short, that it cutteth not near the trade of any other mighty Princes, nor near their Countries, that it is to be performed at all tymes of the year, and needeth but one kind of wind, that Ireland being full of good heavens on the south and west sides, is the nearest part of Europe to it, which by this trade shall be in more security, and the sooner drawn to more Civility. Hakluyt's patrilineal ancestors were of Welsh extraction, rather than Dutch as is often suggested;[2] they appear to have settled in Herefordshire in England around the 13th century, and, according to antiquary John Leland, took their surname from the "Forest of Cluid in Radnorland. [book review]", "History and Objectives of the Hakluyt Society", "Virgin territories [review of Peter C. Mancall's, "America's debt to a forgotten hero: As the 400th anniversary of Jamestown nears, its spiritual father is being unjustly ignored", "Your letters: Hakluyt has not been forgotten", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Richard_Hakluyt&oldid=1147310286, People educated at Westminster School, London, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference, Wikipedia articles incorporating text from the 1911 Encyclopdia Britannica, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, "Richard Hakluyt," 13 in pt. [18], On 20 April 1590 Hakluyt was instituted to the clergy house of Wetheringsett-cum-Brockford, Suffolk, by Lady Stafford, who was the Dowager Baroness Sheffield. [9] Hakluyt's father, also named Richard Hakluyt, was a member of the Worshipful Company of Skinners whose members dealt in skins and furs. In twenty-one chapters, summarized here, Hakluyt emphasized the many benefits that England would receive by creating colonies in the Americas. For instance, the English people think that their worst enemy is Spain. Author of. Updates? Hakluyt served in Paris also as a kind of intelligence officer, collecting information on the fur trade of Canada and on overseas enterprises from French and exiled Portuguese pilots. Richard Hakluyt, A Discourse Concerning Western Planting, Written in the Year 1584, Charles Deane, ed. Richard Hakluyt lived at the time when the first phase of the Age of Discovery, during which mainly Southern Europeans attempted to discover a new route from Europe to Asia, was coming to an end and the era of Northern European exploration began. Have you ever read travel books that made you want to explore a brand new place or even go to another planet? The increase of the force of the Christians. In this he also pleaded for the establishment of a lectureship in navigation. He graduated with a master's degree in 1577, and remained in Oxford as a lecturer. Learn More. While in France he was able to expand his knowledge of foreign places which inspired him to write and publish books on the subject to encourage colonization. Records also show that a Thomas Hakeluytt was in the wardship of Henry VIII (reigned 15091547) and Edward VI (reigned 15471553). That all other English trades are grown beggerly or dangerous, especially in all the king of Spain his Dominions, where our men are driven to fling their Bibles and prayer Books into the sea, and to forswear and renounce their religion and conscience and consequently their obedience to her Majestie. Richard Hakluyt used this document to persuade Queen Elizabeth I to devote more money and energy into encouraging English colonization. She is also a writer of historical fiction. Richard Hakluyt Richard Hakluyt was born in England in the mid-sixteenth century (1552-1616). But the queen's advisors pointed out . What does the evidence from the text suggest about Hakluyts conception of race? While at one point he petitioned for and received a grant to travel to America he did not, in the end, leave England. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. . That the Spaniards have executed most outrageous and more than Turkish cruelties in all the west Indies, whereby they are everywhere there, become most odious unto them, who would join with us or any other most willingly to shake of their most intolerable yoke, and have begun to do it already in diverse places where they were Lords heretofore. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. Without his urging, the English might have been content to rest in their foggy off-shore island while the Spaniards and Portuguese divided the world between them. Author and geographer Richard Hakluyt decided to write about the Americas as encouragement for others to learn about them. He received his Bachelor of Arts in 1574, followed by a Master of Arts in 1577. Richard received a good education first at the Westminster School, and then at Christ Church, Oxford. An answer to the Bull of the Donation of all the west Indies granted to the kings of Spain by Pope Alexander the VI who was himself a Spaniard borne. Besides, he believes that colonization should entail friendship or familiarity. That this action will be greatly for the increase, maintenance and safety of our Navy, and especially of great shipping which is the strength of our Realm, and for the supportation of all those occupations that depend upon the same. Create an account to start this course today. IvyPanda. An ordained priest, Hakluyt held important positions at Bristol Cathedral and Westminster Abbey and was personal chaplain to Robert Cecil, 1st Earl of Salisbury, principal Secretary of State to Elizabeth I and James I.
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